FAQ’s on Alcohol Addiction & Treatment

What is Alcohol?

Alcohol, in the context of beverages, refers to ethanol (ethyl alcohol), a psychoactive substance that is commonly consumed for its intoxicating effects. Ethanol is produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast or other microorganisms. It is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits.

When consumed, alcohol can have various effects on the body and mind. In small amounts, it might produce feelings of relaxation, lowered inhibitions, and a mild sense of euphoria. However, excessive consumption can lead to intoxication, impaired judgment, loss of coordination, slurred speech, and a range of negative health effects.

What is Alcohol Made Of?

The main components involved in the production of alcohol are:

1. Sugar Source: This can be various types of sugars, such as glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose. These sugars can come from sources like fruits (for wine and some spirits), grains (for beer and whiskey), and other plant-based materials.
2. Yeast: Yeast is a microorganism that plays a crucial role in the fermentation process. Yeast cells metabolize the sugars in the presence of water, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide as byproducts. Different strains of yeast can produce different flavors and characteristics in the final alcoholic beverage.
3. Water: Water is an essential component for the fermentation process and is also a significant part of the final beverage.

During fermentation, yeast consumes the sugars present in the mixture and produces alcohol as well as carbon dioxide gas. The fermentation process can take several days to weeks, depending on factors like the type of beverage being produced and the desired alcohol content.

Why Do People Drink Alcohol?

People drink alcohol for a variety of reasons, which can be social, cultural, personal, or situational. Some common reasons why people choose to consume alcohol include:

1. Socialization: Alcohol is often consumed in social settings, such as parties, gatherings, and celebrations. It can help people relax, lower inhibitions, and engage in conversations more easily.
2. Cultural and Tradition: Many cultures have longstanding traditions involving the consumption of alcoholic beverages as part of rituals, ceremonies, or cultural practices.
3. Relaxation and Stress Relief: Some individuals use alcohol as a way to unwind and relax after a long day or to temporarily relieve stress and anxiety.
4. Enhancement of Experience: Some people believe that alcohol enhances their enjoyment of activities, such as pairing wine with food or sipping cocktails during a night out.
5. Experimentation: Curiosity and the desire to try new things can lead people to experiment with alcohol, especially during the transition into adulthood.
6. Coping Mechanism: Unfortunately, some individuals turn to alcohol as a way to cope with emotional or psychological distress, which can lead to problematic drinking habits.
7. Peer Pressure: Social pressure from friends or peers might influence individuals to consume alcohol, particularly in situations where it’s considered a norm.
8. Cultural Norms: In societies where alcohol consumption is widely accepted and integrated into daily life, people might drink due to the influence of cultural norms.

Is Alcohol Bad for You?

Alcohol consumption can have both positive and negative effects on health, depending on the amount consumed and individual factors. Moderate and responsible alcohol consumption may not necessarily be “bad” for everyone, but excessive or heavy drinking can lead to a range of negative health consequences.

Is Alcoholism a Disease?

Yes, alcoholism is generally considered a disease. The term “alcoholism” is often used interchangeably with “alcohol use disorder” (AUD), which is a medical term used to describe a chronic pattern of alcohol consumption that involves difficulty controlling drinking, preoccupation with alcohol, continued use despite negative consequences, and increased tolerance or withdrawal symptoms when not drinking.

Why Does Alcohol Make You Drunk?

Alcohol makes you feel drunk or intoxicated due to its effects on the central nervous system, particularly the brain. When you consume alcohol, it rapidly enters your bloodstream and is transported to your brain, where it affects the functioning of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that transmit signals between nerve cells.

The primary neurotransmitter affected by alcohol is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Alcohol enhances the effects of GABA, leading to a decrease in brain activity and an overall calming and sedative effect. This is why alcohol can make you feel relaxed and less anxious.

Additionally, alcohol also inhibits the activity of another neurotransmitter, glutamate, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter that promotes alertness and cognitive function. By inhibiting glutamate, alcohol further contributes to the slowing down of brain activity and cognitive impairment.

Is Alcohol FDA Approved?

Yes, alcohol is regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but not in the same way as traditional food and drugs. The FDA’s role in regulating alcohol primarily involves ensuring the safety and proper labelling of alcoholic beverages.

Does Alcohol Raise Blood Pressure?

Yes, alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure, especially when consumed in excess. The relationship between alcohol and blood pressure is complex and can vary depending on factors such as the amount of alcohol consumed, individual sensitivity, and overall health.

Does Alcohol Cause Cancer?

Yes, there is a strong link between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. Research has shown that regular and heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an elevated risk of developing several types of cancer. The risk increases with the amount of alcohol consumed.

Cancers that are associated with alcohol consumption include:

1. Mouth, Throat, and Esophageal Cancers: Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for cancers of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. The risk is higher among people who both drink alcohol and use tobacco.
2. Liver Cancer: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis, which increases the risk of liver cancer.
3. Breast Cancer: Studies have found a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of breast cancer. Even moderate alcohol consumption can contribute to this risk.
4. Colorectal Cancer: Heavy alcohol consumption has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
5. Stomach Cancer: Alcohol consumption has been linked to a higher risk of stomach cancer.

How Does Alcohol Affect the Liver?

How Much Alcohol is in Beer, Wine, Spirits & Seltzers?

The alcohol content in various alcoholic beverages can vary widely based on factors such as the type of beverage, the brand, and the serving size. Here are approximate ranges for the alcohol content in different types of alcoholic beverages:

1. Beer:
   • Regular Beer: Typically contains around 4-6% alcohol by volume (ABV), though some stronger beers can have higher ABV (e.g., 7-12% or more).
   • Light Beer: Usually has lower alcohol content, ranging from about 2.5-4% ABV.
2. Wine:
   • Table Wine: Most table wines have an alcohol content of around 9-16% ABV.
   • Fortified Wines (e.g., Port, Sherry): These wines have had additional alcohol added to them, resulting in higher alcohol content, often around 18-20% ABV or more.
3. Spirits (Distilled Liquors):
   • Spirits, also known as hard liquors or distilled liquors, have a higher alcohol content compared to beer and wine due to the distillation process. The ABV can vary widely based on the specific type of spirit:
   • Vodka: Typically around 40% ABV (80 proof) or higher.
   • Rum: Can range from around 40-60% ABV or more.
   • Whiskey: Varies by type (e.g., bourbon, scotch, rye), typically around 40-60% ABV or more.
   • Tequila: Often around 40-50% ABV or more.
   • Gin: Typically around 40-50% ABV or more.
4. Hard Seltzers:
   • Hard seltzers are a type of alcoholic beverage that has gained popularity for their lower calorie and carbohydrate content. They typically have an alcohol content similar to that of beer, ranging from around 4-6% ABV.

Can You Drink Alcohol While Taking Antibiotics?

It’s generally recommended to avoid consuming alcohol while taking antibiotics. Alcohol can interfere with the effectiveness of certain antibiotics and potentially increase the risk of side effects. It’s important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the information on the prescription label. If you’re unsure about whether alcohol consumption is safe while taking a specific antibiotic, it’s best to consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance.

Can Alcohol Cause Diarrhea?

Yes, alcohol consumption can potentially cause or contribute to diarrhea in some individuals. The relationship between alcohol and digestive issues, including diarrhea, can vary depending on factors such as the amount of alcohol consumed, individual sensitivity, and overall health. It’s important to note that not everyone will experience diarrhea as a result of alcohol consumption. Some individuals might be more sensitive to its effects, while others might not experience any digestive issues.

Can You Be Allergic to Alcohol?

Yes, it is possible to be allergic to alcohol or to experience adverse reactions to certain components found in alcoholic beverages. If you suspect you have an allergy to alcohol or are experiencing adverse reactions after consuming alcohol, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional.

Can You Drink Alcohol While Breastfeeding?

It is generally advisable to avoid drinking alcohol while breastfeeding, or to do so in moderation and with caution. Alcohol can pass into breast milk and affect the nursing baby, potentially causing harm or negative effects. It’s important to prioritize the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. If you have questions or concerns about alcohol consumption while breastfeeding, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or a lactation consultant.

What Blood Alcohol Level (BAC) is Lethal?

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) refers to the amount of alcohol in a person’s bloodstream and is usually expressed as a percentage. The lethal BAC level can vary widely based on factors such as an individual’s tolerance, body size, metabolism, overall health, and whether they have consumed alcohol regularly.

Here are some general ranges of BAC levels and their potential effects:

1. 0.02-0.04%: This range is associated with relaxation, lowered inhibitions, and a mild sense of euphoria. Impairment of coordination, concentration, and judgment begins to occur.
2. 0.05-0.08%: In this range, effects become more pronounced, including impaired motor skills, decreased reaction time, and reduced judgment. Legal limits for driving under the influence (DUI) in many jurisdictions are around this range.
3. 0.08-0.15%: At this level, the risk of accidents and injuries increases significantly. Cognitive and motor functions are impaired, and vision and speech may also be affected.
4. 0.16-0.30%: Severe impairment of motor skills, balance, and cognitive functions occurs. There’s an increased risk of alcohol poisoning and potential blackouts.
5. 0.30-0.40%: This range is associated with high intoxication, increased risk of alcohol poisoning, and potential loss of consciousness.
6. 0.40% and above: BAC levels in this range are extremely dangerous and can lead to unconsciousness, respiratory depression, and alcohol poisoning. Lethal outcomes become more likely, especially if not treated promptly.

How Long Does it Take to Detox from Alcohol?

The duration of alcohol detoxification, also known as withdrawal, can vary widely depending on factors such as the individual’s level of alcohol consumption, duration of use, overall health, and any underlying medical conditions. Alcohol withdrawal can range from mild symptoms to severe and potentially life-threatening conditions.

Alcohol Withdrawal Timeline

• From 6 to 12 hours after the last drink, the relatively mild symptoms of early withdrawal may begin, including headache, mild anxiety, insomnia, small tremors, and stomach upset.
• Within 24 hours, some people may begin to experience visual, auditory, and/or tactile hallucinations.
• Between 24-72 hours, various symptoms may have peaked and begun to level off or resolve, though some more protracted symptoms that may stick around for weeks or longer. Seizure risks may be highest from 24 to 48 hours after the last drink, requiring close monitoring and seizure prophylaxis. Withdrawal delirium tremems (i.e., DTs) may appear from 48 to 72 hours after the last drink.

Though rare, some individuals experience more persistent withdrawal related symptoms—such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, and changes in mood—that can last for months. It is important to note, however, that most people recover fully with proper medical detox and withdrawal management services.